Carnitines as Mitochondrial Modulators of Oocyte and Embryo Bioenergetics Comprehensive review of the expanding roles of the carnitine pool in metabolic physiology: beyond fatty acid oxidation Journal of Translational Medicine Springer Nature Link L carnitine is primarily synthesized in the liver from the amino acids lysine and methionine through a series of four enzymatic reactions, with the liver and kidneys converting the precursor butyrobetaine into active Fatty Acid Metabolism Concise Medical Knowledge