Ventilator associated pneumonia: pathobiological heterogeneity and diagnostic challenges Nature Communications The Challenge. The Evidence. The Solution. Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) remains a serious clinical issue in UK ICUs with NHS England data estimating 3,0006,000 deaths per year and treatment costs of 10,00020,000 Prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia ESCNH European Standards of Care for Newborn Health PDF] The Clinical Diagnosis of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Semantic Scholar