The Challenge. The Evidence. The Solution. Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) remains a serious clinical issue in UK ICUs with NHS England data estimating 3,0006,000 deaths per year and treatment costs of 10,00020,000 The challenge of ventilator associated pneumonia diagnosis in COVID 19 patients Critical Care Springer Nature Link Ventilator associated pneumonia: mechanisms, an appraisal of current therapies and the role for inhaled antibiotics in prevention and treatment ScienceDirect Prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia ESCNH European Standards of Care for Newborn Health